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زیست شناسی::
فاکتور رشد شبه انسولین
It appears, however, that Wnt/p-catenin functions indirectly through the modulation of other mitogenic regulators, such as Hedgehog proteins (Sonic hedgehog and Indian hedgehog), Fgf8, retinoic acid, and insulin-like growth factor (see Figure 22.23B).
It is possible that this system also operates in mammals, but the mammalian insulin and insulin-like growth factor pathways are so integrated with embryonic development and adult metabolism that mutations often have numerous and deleterious effects (such as diabetes or Donahue syndrome).
Dog breeds with low levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) live longer than breeds with higher levels of this factor.
Holzenberger and colleagues (2003) found that mice heterozygous for the insulin receptor IGF-1R not only lived about 30% longer than their wild-type littermates, they also had greater resistance to oxidative stress.
In addition, mice lacking one copy of their IGF-1R gene lived about 25% longer than wild-type mice.
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عمومی::
فاکتور رشد شبهانسولین، فاکتور رشد شبه انسولین، فاکتور رشد شبه انسولین
Abbreviations: DAMPs, damage/danger-associated molecular patterns; ECM, extracellular matrix; EGF, epidermal growth factor; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; GC, gluococorticoid; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; GT, granulation tissue; HA (in text), hyaluronan; HA (in table), hemorrhage-associated; HO-1, heme oxygenase-1; IFN-γ, interferon-gamma; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1; IL-(1β, 6, 10, etc.)
Pro-wound healing macrophages produce elevated levels of growth factors such as PDGF, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), VEGF and TGF-β1 (Murray and Wynn, 2011; Vannella and Wynn, 2017), which aid in cellular proliferation, granulation tissue formation, and angiogenesis.
CD206 is a distinguishing surface marker and they produce high levels of arginase-1 (in mice), PDGF-BB, IGF-1, and several chemokines (CCL17, CCL18, CCL22; Ogle et al.
They both contain higher levels of MMPs and lower levels of TGF-β1, IGF-1, and PDGF.
By Day 10, the expression of these pro-inflammatory factors decreased, concurrent with an increase in expression of anti-inflammatory markers CD206 and CD36 and growth factors IGF-1, TGF-β, and VEGF.،with respect to the overgrowth may be the insulin-like growth factor
IGF-2 (insulin-like growth factor 2) and KCNQ1OT1 loci on distal 11p،In human infants born before completion of the third trimester of pregnancy, factors such as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1),45 normally present at optimum concentrations in utero, are missing, which can also contribute to arrest of vascular growth.
IGF-1 is crucial for normal growth and development of many tissues, including brain and blood vessels.
IGF-1 and postnatal weight gain
In babies born preterm, a strong association exists between early-postnatal low serum IGF-1 concentrations and later retinopathy of prematurity and other prematurity-related morbidities.45 In utero, plasma IGF-1 increases with gestational age, particularly during the third trimester of pregnancy, and decreases after preterm birth78,79 with the loss of the maternal-fetal interaction.80 Most infants born before gestational age 33 weeks have a very slow increase in IGF-1 production after birth until about 44 weeks postmenstrual age, as the preterm infant matures.
IGF-1 postnatally.80 Postnatal IGF-1 concentrations are nutrition dependent in older preterm
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روان شناسی و مشاوره::
فاکتور رشد شبه انسولین
Hormones that decrease with aging include thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), tes- tosterone, estrogen (E), growth hormone (GH), insulin- like growth factor (IGF)-I, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and melatonin.
Liver Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) Decreases with age; parallels decline in GH Leptin No significant change to decreases with age
GH acts both by direct action and indirectly through IGF-
GH influences several aspects of body function, including production of IGF-1, metabolism (e.g.
decline in GH/IGF-1 levels, including lack of exercise, sleep disorders, excessive food intake, increased levels of stress, increased adiposity, and influence of sex steroid such as low testosterone (in men).208,225-228
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